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Utilisation of fluorescence techniques for analysis of industrially relevant microorganisms
Müllerová, Lucie ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (oponent) ; Krčma, František (oponent) ; Obruča, Stanislav (vedoucí práce)
Single-cell analysis techniques are very important when studying relevant biotechnological microorganisms. In biotechnological processes, the optimum is to have fast, efficient and real-time analyses that can be done with minimal preparations. Therefore, we looked at autofluorescence as a possible and natural marker when employing fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. First, it has been established, based on the emission spectra, that the green autofluorescence of the bacteria used – Cupriavidus necator H16 and its non polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producing mutant Cupriavidus necator PHB-4, is caused predominantly by flavins. The maxima of emission spectra were 510 – 550 nm for FAD, FMN and riboflavin whose spectra could not be distinguished, and 515 nm for both strains of Cupriavidus necator. Two maxima of excitation spectra of the bacteria were found – one in the range 360 – 370 nm and another around 440 nm, and so a new protocol for fluorescence microscopy has been established - the laser used was 467 nm and the emission filter chosen for the detection was 520/35 nm. Flavins and their autofluorescence can also be used in combination with other fluorophores when the need for multi-parametrical analyses arises, but it’s highly recommended the other dyes emit other than green fluorescence in the band of 500 – 550 nm or/and have an average fluorescence lifetime other than 3.2 – 3.7 and 4.2 - 4.9 ns. These values stayed constant even when the cells were exposed to various cultivation and even stress conditions. That makes them a very stable marker compared to the dynamic marker of fluorescence intensity that changes immediately after a change in the environment. A new staining protocol for C. necator using PHA-specific hydrophobic probe BODIPY 493/503 was optimised. The optimal staining concentration of the lipophilic dye BODIPY 493/503 was determined to be 2.5 µg ml-1 and it can be used in combination with propidium iodide. The BODIPY 493/503 staining protocol has been used when analysing the morphology of the PHA-synthesising bacteria Halomonas halophila. Further, to study the UV-protective properties of PHA in Cupriavidus necator, another staining essay has been optimised. It has been established that the ROS sensitive dye CM-H2DCFDA gives better performance than its non-methylated form. Also, the UV-protective characteristics of the PHA-synthesising strain Cupriavidus necator H16 were confirmed when compared to its non-PHA synthesising strain C. necator PHB-4.
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